| Sperm donors, Surrogacy, Adoption and Co-Parenting laws in South Africa |
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Legislation in United Kingdom United States Ireland New Zealand Canada AustraliaThe Children's act passed in 2005 fully protects all South African children, encompassing any type of conception, including artificial reproduction and surrogacy. Legally speaking, South Africa might actually be the most advanced country in the world regarding LGTB parenting rights (though far from being fully socially accepted), surrogacy and even coparenting. All women have access to artificial insemination and ART in general, altruistic surrogacy is recognized and accessible to all couples including gay ones, same sex parents can adopt jointly and parental plans involving more than 2 persons can be established.Donor Conception (embryo, egg and sperm donation) in South Africa |
General | Egg and sperm donor conception are enforced by two acts in South Africa: the Human Tissue Act of 1983 (for egg and sperm donations) and the Children's Act of 2005, enacted to protect all children, including donor conceived and surrogate children. The Children's Act also covers parenting rights and responsibilities. | Chapter 3 Part 4 (40): Rights of child conceived by artificial fertilisation / Children's Act 38 of 2005: justice.gov.za acart.health.govt.nz |
Assisted Reproductive technology (artificial insemination, IVF, etc.) | Sperm donations are granted to female with no male partner in South African ART clinics, i.e. singles and lesbians. | Guidelines for gamete donation 2008 / Policy Comittee of the SASRSS: fertilitysa.org.za List of accredited Fertility and Artificial Insemination Clinics / SASREG: fertilitysa.org.za |
Self-insemination | No mention of self-insemination found in South African laws, it does not seem to be neither banned nor legally controlled. | |
Identifying information on embryo, egg and sperm donors | Sperm donation in South Africa is anonymous: a child born as a result of artificial insemination or surrogacy may only access medical and genetic information about the donor or the surrogate mother, but is not entitled to get identifying information. Artificial insemination from a known sperm donor is possible, in this case psychological evaluation and legal advice for the sperm donor, the intended mother and their partners (if applicable) is strongly recommended. | Chapter 3 Part 4 (41): Access to biographical and medical information concerning genetic parents / Children's Act 38 of 2005 Selection of the Sperm Donor, P4, Guidelines for gamete donation 2008 / Policy Comittee of the SASRSS |
Paid or freem sperm donors? | Commercial sperm donations are forbidden, but reimbursement or compensation are acceptable. Advertising for free sperm donation is allowed in RSA. |
Surrogacy in South Africa |
Altruistic surrogacy | Altruistic surrogacy is legally recognized where a written surrogate motherhood agreement has been approved by High Court and the gametes of at least one the intended parent(s) have been used for the child's conception. | Chapter 19: Surrogate Motherhood / Children's Act 38 of 2005 |
Commercial surrogacy | Commercial surrogacy is illegal in South Africa. | Chapter 19 (301): Payment in respect of surrogacy prohibited / Children's Act 38 of 2005 |
Surrogacy abroad | The law only recognizes surrogacy agreements passed in South Africa, between intented parent(s) and a surrogate mother that must all reside in RSA. International surrogacy is not contemplated by the law. | dol.govt.nz |
Can gay dads have a surrogate child? | Surrogacy commissioned by same sex couples is legal in South Africa. | Navigating Surrogacy and Egg Donation in South Africa / Proud Prenting: proudparenting.com |
Adoption in South Africa |
Access to general adoption | Any single person may adopt. Same sex couples may also jointly adopt. | Chapter 15 (231) Person who may adopt Child / Children's Act 38 of 2005 |
Step child adoption for same sex couples | Adoption of same sex partner's child is legally contemplated and authorized. | 231 Person who may adopt Child / Children's Act 38 of 2005 LGBT rights in South Africa / Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org |
Co-Parenting in South Africa |
Only 2 co-parents involved | The biological mother of a child has full parental authority in respect of this child (with the exception of surrogated motherhood). The second parent can be the biological father of the child or the mother's partner. | Chapter 3 Part 1: Acquisition and loss of parental responsibilities and rights / Children's Act 38 of 2005: teara.govt.nz |
More than 2 co-parents involved (e.g. 1 couple + 1 single or 2 couples) | More than one person may hold parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the same child. A coparenting plan can be established between all parties with the help of a family advocate, social worker or psychologist. | Chapter 3 Part 3: Parenting plans / Children's Act 38 of 2005 |
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